trasnaltional control by trasnaltion state array,
informatics
signal trasnduction,
innate immunity,
translational control mechanisms,
animal modeling
There are multiple mechanisms of translational control. The most common regulatory mechanisms of translation occur at the initiation step (Mathews et al., 2007). However, there are cases of post-initiation regulatory mechanisms (Mathews et al., 2007). The primary advantage of translational regulation at the cellular level, is allowing for rapid responses to external stimuli without the requirement of time-consuming events such as transcription, splicing, processing and export of
mRNAs. In the case of
macrophage adherence, it would appear to be a likely mechanism to facilitate rapid changes in response to multiple stimuli as cells transit from one microenvironment such as the circulation to another microenvironment such as the air-liquid interface of the
alveoli. Presumably, understanding genes that are regulated by translational control mechanisms will be as information rich as
transcriptional profiling.
Genome wide studies of
gene expression are routinely performed on the
transcriptome using array technologies. However, transcript abundance does not always
correlate with protein level due to
post-transcriptional regulation by translational control mechanisms. Opportunely, to the first approximation (excluding translational control occurring post-initiation), the
density of
ribosomes on transcripts is proportional to the rate of
protein synthesis (Ruan et al 1997; Mathews et al 1996). Therefore,
microarray technologies were developed to determine the composition of
mRNAs bound to
polysomes (Arava, 2003; Arava et al., 2003; MacKay et al., 2004; Pradet-Balade et al., 2001; Preiss et al., 2003; Sampath et al., 2008; Serikawa et al., 2003; Zong et al., 1999). TSAA is a transcriptome-scale analysis that incorporates the impact of translation on
gene expression by performing
microarray analysis after
density gradient
centrifugation and
fractionation to separate ribosomes-free transcripts or inactive mRNP particles from
polyribosome laden complexes (Arava, 2003; Arava et al., 2003; MacKay et al., 2004; Pradet-Balade et al., 2001; Preiss et al., 2003; Sampath et al., 2008; Serikawa et al., 2003; Zong et al., 1999)
